Women in media: Why still the gender gap?

Jeff Daniels, Emily Mortimer in The Newsroom

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Research carried out by lecturers at City University who studied the output of mainstream TV and radio stations show that there are three times as many male as female reporters. It also revealed that when an 'expert' voice is used it's far more likely to be male than female. Flora Neve looks into why we still seem to be so far behind when it comes to gender and the media.

Two years after a campaign was launched to increase the number of women heard on TV and radio, a report has revealed that the number of men working as reporters in the UK still vastly exceeds the number of women. City University have carried out a study which looked at all the main news programmes including Radio 4’s Todayprogramme, as well as four of the main TV news bulletins. It’s found there are 3 times more men working as reporters than women, and that reporting teams are dominated by men aged between 30 and 50. We spoke to Lis Howells, Director of Broadcasting at City University, who carried out the research. "It’s very strange there is such a big gap. Particularly since about 70 percent of entry journalists are women and many want to go on air. I think there is a deep-seated resistance to change which means women don’t get the opportunities." The Today programme has fewer female interviewees and presenters than any of the other programmes monitored. 'Expertise' and confidence: As well as analysing who was doing the reporting on the main news services, the report also looked at what ‘expert’ voices were being used by TV and radio stations, and found that they too were overwhelmingly male. The report found that of the women experts who were used, many felt unsure about identifying themselves as an expert in their field – suggesting that confidence can be an issue. In the interviews carried out many said they were anxious about being thought to be ‘pushy’ – a pejorative word almost exclusively used against women in the work place. Suzanne Franks is a Professor in the Department of Journalism at City. As well as lack of confidence women often feel to speak up, she says lack of imagination on the part of broadcasters is another issue. "The fact that we still have such an overwhelming proportion of male experts shows people are unimaginative – they don’t use their contact books the way they should, they just go back to the tried, familiar faces. And women are more hesitant to come forward, they often say no, and unless a bit more effort is made to doing something about that, nothing is going to change." Journalism schools in the UK often have a higher number of female than male students, but these ratios aren’t translating to the work place. Previous research has found that political reporting in particular - from Whitehall or the Houses of Parliament - is more often than not by men, as is investigative journalism, whereas women are still more likely to cover soft stories like lifestyle and arts features. Eastern Europe does better: This contrasts with Eastern European countries like Estonia and Bulgaria, where research has found women journalists are better represented. This has been attributed to the Soviet-era practice of educating women and moving them into the work force in great numbers. Having a lack of females reporting on the news, some say, directly impacts how women engage with current affairs. Last year, research by Goldsmiths University and the Economic and Social Research Council revealed that in so-called advanced democracies like the UK, women know less about politics than men. One of the academics who worked on the report was quick to point out that many political news stories don’t feature women and this can make them feel disconnected. Risk of alienation: Helen Goodman MP is the shadow media secretary. She says that if this issue of female representation is not tackled, then it risks alienating women audiences and creating apathy amongst voters. "We’ve got a situation in England when younger people are less likely to vote than old age pensioners. If we want to have a proper functioning democracy, everyone has to feel connected with the debate. One way to feel connected is to see people like yourself represented in the discussions." Social media has often been heralded as an alternative space where diverse voices can raise opinions without being subject to the hierarchy that clearly still operates in traditional media channels. However, according to Franks, new technology hasn’t made much of a difference to things. "Everybody said it was going to be different. But the evidence is things are not changing as much as you think . you get a lot of women talking and writing about the so-called ‘pink ghetto’ areas but you don’t get many women talking outside those topics- not in the proportions you should be getting." City University is planning to carry out more research into issues of gender and the media. (VoR). Source: Voice of Russia - UK Edition

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Scientists hunt for universe's very first rays of light

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WASHINGTON (VOR)— It's a strange thought that some of the rays we bask in have taken millions of years to arrive.

More, that this light has taken a circuitous route, being bent by forces such as gravity. Now, scientists have begun to unravel the path of light, and in doing so may be able to develop a clearer map of the universe. To do so, scientists are attempting to track down a specific type of light which they describes as a primordial B mode. This light wave is believed to have been released less than a second after the very universe was formed. One catch to the search is that scientists don't quite know how powerful the signal may be, or in fact what it might look like. Nonetheless, vast microwave telescopes are being set up at the South Pole because of its arid climate to seek deep into space in an attempt to identify the level of polarization as well as the direction of the light wave. For insight, VOR’s Andrew Hiller spoke with Olivier Doré, a member of the Planck science team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. Dore' speculates that some of that light may have already reached Earth. Though invisible to the naked eye, he says it may exist in the background of the spectrum. To explain, he conjures the analogy of television static picked up using an old fashioned antenna. He says that if you could look through the prism and see every wavelength of light... the distortion you receive or TV-like snow may be where these primordial b modes hide. But scientists aren't just interested in finding ancient light that's made its way to us. They want to trace it back to its origins and pick up other threads deep in space as a way of piecing together the tapestry of the universe. Dore' believes this discovery "…is really opening a new window into the physics of the universe. It's something really, really unique!" Source: Voice of Russia - US Edition

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Youth of today less fit than half a century ago

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Today's children are less fit than they were in the 1960s, raising fears that young people could suffer heart disease and other chronic illnesses at a much younger age. Most children today are slower at running than their parents – and can’t run as far - according to new research by the American Heart Association into childhood fitness. VoR's Hywel Davies reports. 

In a report presented before the American Heart Association (AHA), it was revealed that fitness in children globally has dropped significantly since the 1960’s. That’s raised fears that young people could suffer heart disease and other chronic illnesses at a much younger age than previous generations. Internationally, children today score 15 per cent lower on measures of cardiovascular fitness than their parents. Tam Fry, a spokesman for the National Obesity Forum, a pressure group, says it’s a global problem, caused by modern life styles and poor diets. “It’s a terrible disease, if you will, that’s affected worldkind in the last 15-20 years, mainly generated by sedentary behaviour and also the proliferation of food that is heavy in energy dense ingredients.” But perhaps most shocking is how much the health of children has declined. Grant Tomkinson of the University of South Australia presented his research before the AHA this week, looking at fifty studies of fitness in children over the last fifty years. Dr Tomkinson says if you took an average child from 1975 and they raced a contemporary child over four laps of an Olympic track, today’s children would finish almost a lap behind the child from the 1970’s. Tam Fry says modern children are simply not getting enough exercise. “We have a situation whereby TV and computer games and other sedentary activities are beginning to rule the roost. We have an appalling number of children who just do not fulfil the prescribed one hour of exercise a day.” And it’s not just speed modern children lack – they’re also falling behind in how long they can run. Average endurance performance has fallen by six per cent per decade between 1970 and 2000. Not surprisingly a lack of cardiovascular fitness means children are more at risk of heart problems. Britain is one of the countries that are worst affected by childhood obesity, with fitness levels declining more quickly than the average. That’s despite hopes that when London was awarded the Olympics in 2005, it could serve as springboard to greater activity among children. But Dr John Ashton of the Faculty of Public Health, a body set up by the three Royal Colleges of Physicians, says we’ve failed to take school sports seriously enough for decades, meaning the Games will have only a limited effect, “The thing about something like the Olympics is that it can be inspirational as a short-term lift or motivation but it needs to be followed through with the investment in infrastructure but also in Physical Education in schools, which has never really recovered since the stand-off between teachers and the Thatcher administration in the 1980s.” Dr Ashton argues that fundamentally most countries have failed to adapt to our office-based, sedentary lifestyles. But some steps can be taken to improve our built environment, he says, so we are encouraged to drive less and take more exercise, like cycling: But both Dr Ashton and Tam Fry are pessimistic about any major changes to fitness levels in British children anytime soon. More than a third of boys and girls in England aged between two and fifteen are either overweight or obese. And funding for public health initiatives aimed at either adults or children, they say, is limited. That means the allure of video games and fast food outlets is likely to remain stronger for most children than the appeal of the running track or the football pitch. (Voice of Russia) Source: Voice of Russia - UK Edition

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Moscow to create its own Soho-style cultural hub

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Moscow is aiming to create its own Soho district, called ArtKvartal. The neighbourhood will become home to people in the creative professions as well as to museums and galleries, creating a cultural hub for the capital. And while in New York and London such areas developed organically, Moscow is planning every detail. VoR's Dasha Chernyshova reports. Five square kilometres of Moscow are to become a city within a city.

An ambitious project called ArtKvartal has been recently presented to the Moscow authorities. The idea is to create a new socio-economic living model in the Russian capital – a district for people in the creative professions. Innovative technology will combine with cutting edge design to create a simplified and attractive lifestyle. Art galleries, media outlets, fashion houses and design bureaus will dominate the landscape of the area, and replace the rental economy. Three-tier project: The project consists of three layers. Peter Kudryavtsev, founder of Territory Development Institute, who is working on the project, said: “The first is a creative city – basically the creation of different clusters where small businesses can flourish. The second layer is a connected city - we are thinking about an innovative mobility system which will be based on pedestrian routes, comfortable bicycle routes, the accent on public transport and some additional car sharing. And the third layer is all the additional things for living in the city like sports, public spaces, good retail, good dwelling and so on.” This new entity is not just expected to catalyse inner-city regeneration and gentrification. It also embodies an idyllic vision where people use transport less and less, while having everything they need at their hand. The concept is being elaborated by an international team and takes New York’s Soho district as an example. Meticulous planning: Peter Kudryavtsev said: “Soho in London and Soho in New York were created spontaneously; unfortunately this is not going to work in Moscow. We are really dependent on the city infrastructure. So the whole idea is to make this project with Moscow city government. This is quite different and this will be important work for Russia for creating a new model of living in a city.” The idea has strong government support but is still a long way off from being implemented. However, with recent trends in urban planning demonstrating a desire to move beyond city centres, the creation of such districts could lay down a marker for the cities of the future. ArtKvartal will use central Moscow’s industrial areas, replacing the old buildings with a cultural hub. (Voice of Russia), Dasha Chernyshova, Source: Voice of Russia UK

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Flame Virus: cyber-war spearhead or spyware?

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Interview with Oleg Demidov – cyber security expert at the Russian Center for Policy Studies, the PIR Center.:

• There are new cyber attacks, it seems that there is an age of cyber warfare approaching very rapidly. But if we look at it from an analytical perspective. 

I Thank you very much for this opportunity to present my opinion the Flame. It is very timely topic now because on the one hand there is still much debate about the previous, the so called, Supervirus Stuxnet and on the other hand it is closely, intimately linked with the political tensions in the Middle East and Iranian nuclear program. But to understand better what this Flame is about we should keep some distance both the Stuxnet issue and from the issue of the Iranian nuclear program, and Iranian and US political tensions. So, first of all the Flame according to my own expert view and according to PIR Center’s position is not a cyber weapon, it is just a highly sophisticated cyber espionage tool. And these two notions make a principal difference in fact because when you speak about cyber warfare or a cyber weapon, it basically means that it is some kind of malware with code which is able to cause physical damage of critical infrastructure or at least a damage of computer systems, I mean hardware. None of that takes place in the case of the Flame because the Flame is just a very sophisticated and diversified in technical sense tool of collecting information from computer systems. Its maximum potential of causing some harm is just erasing the data when it is necessary and it is not the ultimate goal of the virus, to erase the data, but it is just a mean it uses to remain uncovered and continue on its cyber espionage activity. So, that’s the first principal thing about the Flame. It is just a cyber espionage tool and not the cyber weapon. The second thing is that it is maybe the most technically advanced virus to the moment and here I fully agree with the analysis by Mr. Kaspersky whose laboratory in fact uncovered and found this virus just a little bit more than a week ago. It consists of more than twenty modules which are quite different both in their code and in their purpose. Each module is responsible for this or that particular function. Some of them provide such tools as interference in audio records, control over what is typed with the help of keyboard and so on. Some of them are responsible for erasing data when it is necessary. Some of them are responsible for some other functions but that’s not just the main thing. The main thing is that it is not just a virus which performs only one function, it is a highly sophisticated collection of modules with a multifunctional toolset. And maybe the final point which is principal and crucial when we speak about the Flame is that despite of very alarmist views and assessments of the virus and very alarmist approach which is now widely spread both in the media and among the experts to the question who created the Flame we do not share the opinion that it could be created exclusively with the help of a state or by state sponsored actors. The thing is that all the instruments and modules, and highly diversified functions its code uses, it is really grand, as it was said many times. In total, when the twenty modules are installed in a system which is attacked by the virus, its total size is over 20 MB of installed malicious code. But at the same time this is just a collection of means and instruments, and modules which just bring together the functions which existed before. None of the modules by itself, regarded as a separate piece of code, brings anything revolutionary to the industry of viruses. It is just a very good, highly diversified and very advanced multifunctional collection of pieces of a malicious code brought together by some experts. In fact a high level tool of hackers who would like to integrate their tools and instruments could also do it despite the fact that still, if we are talking about a team of independent hackers or activists, we should recognize that it should be a very high level team. Still there is no any direct evidence or indication that would allow us to say that they are closely linked to some governmental structures or that they are state sponsored actors. This is a very attractive point of view to associate the Flame creators with some state sponsored actors because the Flame is hard to analyze beyond the context of Iranian nuclear program and the tensions in the Middle East, and the pressure maintained by the United States of America on Iran and its activities in the nuclear area and so on. But still, this link between the Flame, its creators and some Western state sponsored actors just cannot be proved in fact. It is just a hypothesis but anyone who tells you that he had some evidence able to prove it, it is not truth. You cannot prove it anyway.

• What kind of political change might the appearance of this complicated and as far as I understand a very expensive creation bring to the local politics? As far as I understand it was in place for the past two years and it is only now being detected. So, does that imply that what we are witnessing now is a total change in the security structures of the world, is my understanding correct? Or perhaps it is also a little bit too alarmist?

It is a very interesting and thought provoking question, and my idea is that when we speak about some tectonic shifts in the international security architecture provoked by such superviruses as the Flame and so on, it relates in fact more to the Stuxnet case, than to the case of the Flame because the Stuxnet is indeed a cyber weapon and indeed it is the tool threatening the whole existing system of international security. And when we analyze and when we hear some really alarmist and rather gloomy ideas expressed by some experts, for example only a few days ago Mr. Kaspersky warned us about the possible cyber apocalypse in the future, his speech was dedicated in fact to the information hysteria around the Flame but in fact it all relates more to the Stuxnet-like a programs because they are cyber weapons and they are able to damage and to bring down critical infrastructures, not only critical computer infrastructure but I mean a critical infrastructure in the energy sector, some nuclear plants or transport logistics and so on. The most dangerous thing and the greatest threat to the international security which is now arising from the cyber space is the situation when the tools like the Stuxnet and the tools like the Flame are used by some actor which remains unknown and are used together. For example you introduce the Flame or a Flame-like highly sophisticated cyber espionage tool into computer nets of a country you would like to gather the information about, you use it for several years, your program remains undetected and you gather a critical volume of information about some strategic projects conducted by the state, for example its nuclear program or its rocket program, or its program of development of some kinds of critical infrastructures and so on. After that when you are provided with the information which is hardly to be collected using any other means, unless you don’t have a very diversified spy network which is not available to many states without using the cyber espionage tools, in this case you have the volume of data which is exclusive and sensitive to use the next tool, to use a very specifically targeted cyber weapon which would hit particularly these or those types of infrastructures, types of strategic objects that you have previously collected information about. This link could really be terrible when you the Flame-like and Stuxnet-like programs together in combination when they are all part of some grand operation against any state actor or something like that. And using such tools and methods as means to spot someone’s for example nuclear program, this is just a too brightened and evident example to be ignored, that’s why I refer to it once again, using such combination of tool would just induce a full-scale erosion in the existing architecture and system of international security because there are no any legal or political tools to counter it. You have no any solid normative regulation of information security or using the cyber warfare on the international level in fact. All you have is just some tools of international cooperation or information exchange which are able to cope with some kinds of cyber crime activities but not in the case when such high level tools are used and exactly not in the case when they are used in combination which seems to be likely in the case of using the Stuxnet and the Flame, despite the fact that, I repeat, we still do not have any practical evidence to prove that they were used both by the same state sponsored actor.

• Talking of Russia, what is Russia doing perhaps to increase its own security in this sphere?

In fact Russia at the moment is one of the most active actors on the international arena in introducing some new ideas and some proposals concerning all these issues. For example less than a year ago, in November 2011 Russia’s project Concept of a Convention on International Information Security was issued and was presented by our former Minister of Mass Communication Igor Shchegolev at London Cyber Space Conference. The ambition of the Concept of a Convention is to create the first ever really global transnational legal framework, basic legal framework for not just cooperation in information security sphere but a creation of some legally binding instruments which would prevent any state or state sponsored actors from elaborating, creating and releasing some new destructive tools, of kinds of cyber weapons like the Stuxnet. Source: The Voice of Russia

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Radio: Programs: “Guard cats” in public service

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BY: Julia Galiullina, The State Hermitage Museum in St.Petersburg ‘hires’ cats to protect its artworks against rodents. The so-called ‘guard cats’ go unnoticed as they dwell in the attics and basements, away from the tourist eye. The museum administration has been ‘employing’ these highly skillful ‘guards’ ever since the museum was founded in 1764. Even though nowadays rats and mice can easily be exterminated using chemicals, the museum cannot do without cats who have become its living legend and mascot. The first cats were introduced for ‘public service’ in the 18th century. Tsar Peter I was the first to provide shelter for a big cat he had brought from Holland at the then wooden Winter Palace. Later on, Empress Elizabeth ordered a batch of rat-catching cats from Kazan because she was scared of small rodents. Cats acquired the status of palace guards during the reign of Catherine II. Under Catherine the Great, they were divided into chamber cats (the Russian Blue breed), and backyard cats who chased rats and mice guarding Her Majesty’s peace of mind. The State Hermitage Museum started as a private collection of Empress Catherine II, who acquired 220 works by Dutch and Flemish artists through her agents in Berlin. At first, most of the paintings she had acquired were placed in the secluded parts of the Winter Palace which became known as the “hermitage”, or a “retreat”, in French. Hermitage-employed cats survived the October Revolution and continued their service under the Soviet government. However, they didn’t survive the siege of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. After starving people ate all the cats, the city was infested by rats. But as soon as the blockade was over, two carriages with cats arrived in Leningrad (now St.Petersburg) from Russia’s central regions making the backbone of a new squadron of rat-eating cats. Cat numbers rose to an unprecedented high in the second half of the 1960s. As cats invaded basements, museum rooms and corridors, the museum administration was ordered to get rid of them which they did. However, several years later, the ‘tailed guards’ were ordered back as the museum found it too hard to do without them in its struggle for the preservation of cultural values. Since then, Hermitage cats have been taken good care of. Each so-called “hermit” carries a passport with a photo certifying that he is qualified to pursue the difficult task of protecting the museum basements against rodents. The cats are well looked after, fed properly, attended to if ill and respected for their hard work. Museum employees know all male and female cats by their names, and the name for each cat is picked carefully, to suit his or her character. The team of tailed guards consists mainly of alley cats, and like in the imperial times, the cat community hinges on strict hierarchy. The cats fall into aristocrats, the middle caste, and the low caste. Each group operates within a certain designated part of the building. The cat staff cannot exceed 50-60 cats, not because they’ll be difficult to look after in terms of cat food. If the number of cats exceeds 60, they start cat fights and neglect their duties. For this reason, from time to time, the museum has to look for people who would adopt extra cats. The museum’s basements have specially designated areas for storing cat food and attending to ailing cats. The roadway near the museum has road signs warning drivers about cats’ presence and urging them to be careful and slow down. Road accidents are the most frequent cause of deaths among Hermitage cats. The Hermitage’s budget stipulates no funds for cats’ keeping. The cats live on donations from the public or museum workers. Hermitage Cat Day which is marked annually on March 28th is on the museum’s memorable date calendar. Prepared by the museum’s employees, it features a large number of informative exhibitions and exciting contests. Source: Voice of Russia

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Has there been a fraud during Russian Elections?

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By Ricardo Young, The elections in Russia came to and end but now some of the monitors report that there were serious problems that they observed during the vote over this weekend and that they feel that there maybe some electoral violations. That found response among the protesters who are now planning to organize another rally against Vladimir Putin, who won the election. We will discuss this and other related issues with Vyacheslav Tetyokin, the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and a Member of Parliament, and Sergey Markov, the Putin Representative for the March 4th election. Tags: Russian presidential election 2012, Russian presidential election 2012, Commentary, Politics, World, Читать далее, Source: Voice of Russia. 

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Radio: Programs: Armenians – a thirty centuries old people

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Today we are taking a closer look at one of the most ancient peoples on Earth. Its ‘genetics’ boast rhythms of the Stone Age and tales and legends of the Kingdom of Urartu… The murmur of Time, the breath of centuries… What has this to do with Russia, you may ask?! As the Armenians themselves like to say: Armenians live everywhere. According to the latest population census, there are over half a million Armenians. Add to this many dozens of thousands of mixed marriages. Can one, in all honesty, do justice to a people boasting a culture of some 30 centuries?!! And archeological and culturological research proves the truth of this. So, I shall go over the main milestones, highlighting what deserves particular attention. Source: Voice of Russia

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Is the Queen spending too much?

For the diamond jubilee year the Queen received 31 million pounds of public money. This year she'll have 36.1 million to maintain her palaces, pay her footman and travel to official engagements. Amid heavy government rhetoric about austerity the extra 5 million has angered many. Graham Smith leads the lobby group Republic.

"It is a change in the way they're being funded, but that is still resulting in large amounts of money going to the monarchy that they don't need." But others say the money is justified and it shouldn't be seen as a paycheck made out to Queen Elizabeth II. Thomas Mace Archer Mills is the Chairman of the British Monarchist Society. "The Queen is not being paid. This is how the official expense of Buckingham Palace is funded. This money is no way in shape or form going to her Majesty herself." He says, when it comes to austerity, the Queen has been leading the way. "The Queen has been one of the most frugal people over the decades. These are times of austerity for a lot of people. However, the Queen has been under austerity for going on a decade without any sort of rise for over a decade. And that stems from Labor governments and even from the Conservatives government under John Major when he decommissioned Britannia, which was a Royal yacht, to save money. So Her Majesty has been doing an awful lot to reduce expenditure of the palace." The views on the streets of London were mixed. "I think the work that she does promoting the Commonwealth and the county – yeah, that's well worth within what's being granted to her." "Considering the situation we're in and how many people are getting their benefits cuts, realistically speaking, it's not fair that one person should get a pay rise, when everyone else is suffering." "She’s representing the country. It's probably ok." "I don't agree." The sovereign grant will see the Queen paid 15% of the profit brought in by the Crown Estate, a property portfolio worth more than 8 billion pounds. It includes historic holdings like Regent Street and Ascot Racecourse, as well as commercial assets like shopping centers and agricultural land and about half of the U.K.'s foreshore. Last year profits were up to 214 million pounds, thanks in part to an increase in seabed rental from new wind farm developers. But who owns the Crown Estate? Technically, the reigning monarch does, but all management rights belong to the Crown Estate Commissioners who act like a company board and all profits get fed directly to HM Treasury. So the Crown Estate is like a big property business that aims to make money for the nation. But Graham Smith says many people wrongly believe the Queen owns the Crown Estate and she has a right to the profits it makes. "It's owned by the Crown and the Crown is now owned by the Royal Family. The Crown is part of the state. It's in the gift to Parliament. So you know, the key test is – if you get rid of the monarchy, what happens to the Crown Estate? The answer is nothing. It would stay where it is and money will continue to flow to the state. So there's no payback. The monarchy, the Royal Family aren't given the Crown Estate money. They are simply taking money off us. And we're not getting anything in return." He says there's no justification for spending so much money on the Queen, especially at a time when so many public departments are facing cuts. "I mean any other part of the public sector has to budget each year, has to justify how much money they need and what they want. With the monarchy they just given money arbitrarily, based on some arbitrary figure from the Crown Estate. There's no logic to it. They're simply trying to ensure that the monarchy can get as much money as they can get their hands on and not bother how they spend it." Thomas Mace Archer Mills from the British Monarchist Society takes the opposite view. "This woman is working on behalf of the nation in whole. She's the personification of the state. Any head of state costs money and, unfortunately, Her Majesty is one of the most underfunded government departments in our country. And that's not fair for all that she does." The funding will be up to debate next year, when the government’s watch dog, the Public Accounts Committee, will, for the first time, investigate the way the Queen's income is spent. Labor MP Austin Mitchell will be among those on the committee. "We're there to see how tax fare gets value for money. It is public money that and it's right to look at how it's spent." A spokeswoman for Buckingham Palace said the 36.1 million pounds, which the Queen will receive this financial year is 15% less in real terms than the Royal household's expenditure 5 years ago. Source: Voice of Russia

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Snakes in Florida Everglades

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By Kim Brown, In the Florida Everglades there is a problem with snakes and not just any snakes but the Burmese Pythons. Not a native species to North America the snakes have been released to Florida Everglades and are flourishing tremendously with the numbers. This is causing a big problem and disruption within the natural balance of the ecosystem in the Everglades. And to discuss this we are joined by Michael Dorcas, he is the Professor of Biology at Davidson College in North Carolina.Tags: snake, animals, US, Commentary, Society, World,Читать далее, Source: Voice of Russia. 

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Capitol Hill outraged over China-made Olympic outfits

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By Rob Sachs: On Capitol Hill a number of lawmakers have spoken out against Ralph Lauren and the outfit he designed for American athletes to wear at the Olympic Games in London. Not for the design, but because they were made in China! Here is Senate majority leader Harry Reid: “I think, they should take all the uniforms, put them in a big pile and burn them!” Since the controversy erupted last week Ralph Lauren has committed to making 2014 team uniforms in the US. Here to talk about this is Robert Ross, he’s a professor of sociology at Clark University, he’s also a member of the Board of Directors of Sweatfree Purchasing Consortium. Professor Ross, welcome! What do you make of this back and forth of those on Capitol Hill saying it's a disgrace that American athletes are going to London wearing uniforms made in China?Well, on one hand it's gratifying that the sourcing of apparel for what should be a high-minded activity like the Olympics is gaining some public attention. On the other hand, Rob, the problem here is that the focus is on where they are made, rather than on conditions under which these uniforms are made. I think that if one's concerned about American workers - then the question should be: what are the labor standards that the Lauren contractor factories are operating under? And does this drive down international standards or is Lauren making things in China because they can get 7-day workweeks out of the workers at under a dollar an hour? And the answer is: basically yes. Those are the conditions of Chinese apparel workers. And if that's the case - then this drives down labor standards in the garment marketplace around the world. So the conditions issue for working people is more important than where-question. Source: Voice of Russia. 

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Crackdown on NGOs in Egypt

By Kim Brown, Rob Sachs, Jessica Jordan, Elly Mui,: The recent unrest in Egypt has left many dead with 43 pro-democracy groups under investigation for politically destabilizing the country through foreign aid. U.S. officials are weary of relations with Egypt as the crackdown on non-government organizations in Egypt has threatened its 1.3 billion dollars of annual U.S. military aid. Yesterday the Egyptian military delegation abruptly ended their meeting with the U.S. lawmakers to return to Cairo amid warnings that the  U.S.  military  aid  could

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be threatened due to the crackdowns on NGO groups. Over the past 30 years Egypt has received the second largest funding of foreign aid right behind Israel averaging around 2 billion dollars a year. In 2010-2011 the U.S. invested 1.3 billion dollars into Egypt’s army. The prosecution of 19 Americans for violating foreign funding laws including Sam LaHood, son of Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood and the Middle East Program Director for Freedom House Charles Dunne has put the U.S. officials up in arms over the crackdown. Tags: World, Egypt political crisis, Politics, Egypt, Commentary, Читать далее, Source: Voice of Russia. 

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Boeing Dreamliner: Not more ‘future of aviation’?

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Japan’s two main airlines have grounded their fleets of Boeing 787 Dreamliners after one had to make an emergency landing because of battery problems. It’s the latest and most serious setback for the Dreamliner, which Boeing has billed as the future of aviation. Tony Dixon, editor of Airliner World magazine, says an uncontrollable fire breaking out on board an aircraft represents more than just the usual teething problems suffered by new planes

By: Tom Spender, Boeing’s Dreamliner has only been in service for just over a year, but the aircraft’s debut is turning into something of a nightmare after Japan’s two main airlines grounded their entire fleets until further notice. Today All Nippon Airways flights from Tokyo were forced to make an emergency landing after a lithium battery began omitting smoke. Dramatic pictures showed the plane of the runway with its emergency chutes deployed and the fire engine in attendance. The airline said a number of people sustain slight injuries as 129 passengers and 8 crew members were evacuated. It’s the latest and most serious problem with the Dreamliner following complaints of fuel leaks and cracked cockpit window, break problems and an electrical fire. Japan’s Transport Minister Akihiro Ota told reporters that people might not want to travel in Dreamliners in the future. "Looking at this from the point of view of the average citizen, having this sort of incidents occur seemingly day after day, one could become very uneasy. We will convey the message to those who operate the plane that it is absolutely necessary to be safe." Even before today’s emergency landing Boeing was already facing an inquiry by Japanese and U.S. authorities over issues with the Dreamliner whose manufacture was beset by overrunning costs and production delays. And Tony Dixon, editor of Airliner World magazine, says the Dreamliner appears to be suffering more than usual problems that often occur with the new plane: There’ve been two or three instances now, and it’s the batteries that charge the APU. The problem is there’s no fire protection system at the moment. To solve it is probably not that difficult. It’s just the latest in what is becoming an annoying series of problems that Boeing has had with the airplane. All Nippon Airways says the Dreamliner’s pilots saw computer warnings of smoke inside an electrical compartment and problems with the battery in the forward cargo hold. That battery was of the same type as the battery involved in a fire on a Japan Airlines’ Dreamliner at an American airport last week. Lithium batteries in laptop computers and in mobile phones can spontaneously combust. In 2011 a U.S.-government study concluded that fire started by lithium batteries in laptops and phones would cause an American cargo plane to crush every other year. But Dixon doesn’t believe that passengers will boycott the Dreamliners over batteries’ fire fears. Unfortunately, public has a short memory and by the time the first aircraft gets to the UK, which is end of February – beginning of March, it would possibly be that all the problems have been sold. Although they’ll probably be other little things that happen, as in the first couple of years with the 838. But now the 838 provide excellent service to all its operators. It doesn’t help, of course, that Boeing is three years late with the delivery and they already had a lot of problems with the airplane. The Japanese Airlines say they’ll make a decision about future Dreamliner use tomorrow, but the difficulty the airline faces is that they don’t have an easy alternative, because of the lag time of several years between ordering a plane and its delivery. If you’re buying Dreamliner now, you’re going to get it in six years. Your minimum waiting time to buy an airplane is 3-4 years. You can extend the leasing of the ones you have, or you might be able to, but the leasing company expecting your airplane to be ready the end of this month, for instance, might already have leased it to another airline next month. They’ll demand compensation – anything to make the airplane cheaper, but that’s something we’ll never find out – how much compensation it already has been offered for a two-year delay, for instance. They tend to keep that quite close to their chests. The only time you find that is when a program starts. So far, there’re 49 Dreamliners in service around the world and Boeing says they’re the future of aviation. The 207-million-dollar aircraft is made of lightweight composite material and uses 15% to 20% less fuel than its predecessors, the 767 and 757. Source: Voice of Russia

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Panama Canal to be expanded for larger ships

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By Jessica Jordan, Congressional leaders are asking for funding to improve seaports along the east coast to make them accessible to larger ships. The move comes in light of improvements to the Panama Canal that has said to be completed in the year 2014, which will allow ships twice as big to reach the east coast. In theory this could reroute vessels that could stop on the west coast and send goods across the country. Lawmakers say the Canal expansion will enhance international trade. We are talking more about this with Thomas Finkbiner, Senior Chairman of the Intermodal Transportation Institute at the University of Denver. Source: Voice of Russia.

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Obama pays tribute to Newtown shooting victims

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President Barack Obama is offering the Connecticut town grappling with the aftermath of a deadly school shooting "the love and prayers of a nation." The president says he is mindful that mere words cannot match the depth of the sorrow in Newtown, Conn. Twenty children and six adults were killed at an elementary school there Friday. Obama is telling the families of the victims that they are not alone in their grief. He says people all across the country have wept with them. The president is speaking at a vigil following his private meetings with the families and first responders. Obama arrives in Newtown, where 20 children were killed, U.S. President Barack Obama has arrived in Newtown Connecticut, where 26 people were shot dead at Sandy Hook Elementary School on Friday. The head of state is slated to meet with the victims' families and members of rescue services and police. The president is expected to address a gathering before a memorial service for the victims. Last Friday, Adam Lanza shot his Mother at home, after which he proceeded to Sandy Hook Elementary School and killed 26 people, 20 of them - children between the ages of six and seven. He later killed himself at the scene. Police find no suspicious items in Newtown church The police 

have not found any evidence of suspicious items in the church building in Newtown, Connecticut. Earlier, the parishioners were evacuated after reports came in of a bomb threat. The church is located near Sandy Hook Elementary School, where on Friday 20-year-old Adam Lanza shot 26 people and killed himself. On Sunday night U.S. President Barack Obama, who has arrived in Newtown, will meet with families of those killed, and take part in a memorial service for victims of Friday's tragedy. Connecticut church not in danger after phoned threat A Roman Catholic Church in Newtown,

Connecticut, was evacuated Sunday after a reported bomb threat during mass. Additional security forces and ambulances were summoned to the site. The threat interrupted a busy mass, sent worshippers hurrying from the church and touched off a large police response days after the worst massacre of school-age children in U.S. history. At least a dozen police in camouflage SWAT gear and carrying guns arrived at the St. Rose of Lima Church. The incident comes two days after the attack on the local Elementary School which left 27 dead, including 20 children. U.S. President Barack Obama arrived Sunday in Newtown to meet with families of the victims and attend a memorial service. Voice of Russia, AP, RIA, TASS, indystar.com US: shooting overshadows Christmas joy  The U.S. has

A young girl wearing angel wings arrives to offer her wings at a makeshift shrine to pay tribute to the victims of an elementary school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, on December 15, 2012.

entered a second day of mourning over 26 victims of the shooting massacre at the Connecticut school on Friday. Twenty children aged 6 to 7 are among the dead. Six adults were also shot. President Barack Obama is arriving in Newtown on Sunday evening to meet the families of the killed children. The formal appointment of Senator John Kerry to the post of state secretary was postponed due to the tragedy. The names of all 26 people killed by the 20-year-old Adam Lanza were released on Sunday morning. Although this is by far not the first shooting incident in the U.S., it is certainly the most tragic one with twenty children aged 6 to 7 reported among the dead. Twelve girls and eight boys were shot several times, said the chief medical examiner Dr. Wayne Carver. This is not just condolences that the nation now expects from Obama. Strict gun law is needed badly to avoid new attacks in future. This is going to be a very challenging thing to do amid the strongly lobbied National Rifle Association (NRA). This organization comprises 4 million people. The NRA was very active during the recent presidential election campaign calling on US citizens not to choose Obama. They spent some $300,000 on this counter-Obama campaign. Meanwhile, addressing the nation shortly after the attack Obama urged “meaningful action” against gun crime in the US. The question is how successful the president will be in fulfilling his promise. US papers on Sunday offer its readers to take a look back on a series of shootings which have happened in the country over the past five years. How more children should be killed to make the US government change its stance on gun control? The Pew Research Center says the U.S. has the highest gun ownership rate in the world - an average of 88 per 100people. Experts in US history stress that the constitution right to own a gun was not meant to be applied to any citizen but to provide arms to the militia forces that fought for the US independence two centuries ago. Meanwhile, another shooting incident took place in California on Saturday evening. Marcos Gurrola, 42, was arrested after opening fire at a shopping mall in Southern California. Although the gunfire caused panic, luckily no one was injured in the attack. Obama to meet families of school massacre

victims, President Barack Obama arrives in Connecticut on Sunday to join in the mourning for 20 children, all 6 and 7 years old, who were slaughtered by a gunman who forced his way into their school and shot them with a rifle at close range. Obama will meet families of the victims of the shooting and speak at a vigil scheduled for later in the day. Meanwhile, investigators are still trying to figure out what led the gunman to kill 26 people, including 20 children, at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Voice of Russia, RIA, Tales of heroism emerge from Connecticut school massacre Elementary school library clerk Mary Ann Jacob heard gunshots 

and shouted "Lockdown!" to a class of fourth graders. Then she discovered the classroom door wouldn't lock. Quickly, quietly she and other library staff got the 18 children down on the floor and crawled with them to a classroom storage closet. Hiding from the gunman who killed 20 children and six adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School on Friday, they barricaded themselves inside by shoving a file cabinet against the door. "We settled them down with paper and crayons," Jacob told reporters on Saturday. The gunfire suddenly ended and police came pounding at the door. But the library staff refused to open it until they slipped a badge under the door, Jacob said. In the aftermath of the massacre, Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy on Friday said "evil" had descended upon the small community of Newtown. But emerging a day after the carnage were tales of heroism by school staff members, including the six who died. There was first-grade teacher Vicki Leigh Soto, 27, who police said "put herself between the kids and the gunman's bullets" and whose body was found huddled with the students in a classroom closet, according to The Wall Street Journal. And there were selfless survivors like first-grade teacher Kaitlin Roig. She told ABC News she scrambled her class into a cramped bathroom, locked the door and "told the kids I love them" in case those were the last words they ever heard. A school custodian reportedly raced through the hallways echoing with gunfire to check that classroom doors were locked from the inside, the Newtown Bee newspaper said. The day before the massacre in Connecticut on Friday, lawmakers in Michigan passed a bill - over the objections of the state’s school boards - that would allow people to carry concealed weapons in schools. That same day, Ohio lawmakers passed a bill that would allow guns in cars at the statehouse garage. Earlier in the week, a federal appeals court struck down a ban on carrying concealed weapons in Illinois. And Florida officials announced that they would soon issue their millionth concealed weapon and firearm license - or, as a state news release put it, the program would be “One Million Strong.” In short, the legal and political debate over the nation’s gun laws was following a familiar trajectory: toward fewer restrictions. Now, as the country absorbs yet another mass shooting, this one claiming the lives of young children, both supporters and opponents of stricter gun laws are asking whether the carnage might change that trajectory at the state or national levels. As President Obama used his weekly Saturday address to repeat his impassioned but vague call to take “meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this,” some gun-control advocates said they hoped that the shooting would be a catalyst for change. But supporters of gun control sounded similar notes after other recent mass shootings - including one last year in Tucson in which six people were killed and a member of Congress, Gabrielle Giffords, was wounded - only to see little or no legislative action. And as governors from around the nation condemned the Connecticut shooting and expressed sympathy for its victims, their first flurry of statements, from Democrats and Republicans alike, were far more likely to mention prayer than gun laws. Voice of Russia, Reuters, NY Times  Connecticut school massacre: will this ever end? Andrey Fedyashinm:

At least 27 people, besides the killer, have fallen victim to a bloody drama that took place in Newtown in Connecticut. The majority of those killed are children aged from 5 to 10 years old. The gunman, 20-year-old Adam Lanza, committed suicide. Regarding the adults, among his victims are his mother and another 5 people, including teachers and kindergarten teachers. U.S. President Barack Obama has declared a 4-day mourning in view of this tragedy. The main question America is asking itself today is for how long it will continue. The massacre in Connecticut is not the first tragedy that has occurred at a U.S. school. In 2007 a gunman killed 32 people at Virginia Tech. Since 1999 similar tragedies have been occurring regularly. During the Obama rule there were 5 tragedies, with a lower number of victims though. However, America has never experienced such a large-scale massacre carried out at a primary school. Immediately after this tragedy Obama delivered a speech in the White House. The questions that arise in the wake of the tragedy are what Barack Obama means when he promises to adopt “effective measures” and whether he will be able to do that. In the past 4 years of his presidency the gun control laws have been softened in many U.S. States. None of the U.S. presidents has ever dared to throw an open challenge to the powerful gun lobby in the USA as well as to the National Rifle Association of America, which is its main agency. The second amendment to the Constitution guarantees U.S. citizens individual right to possess and keep firearms. Russia must also draw conclusions from the Newtown massacre, Director of the Strategic Planning Institute (Russia) Alexander Gusev says. "This tragedy must sober all those who defend arms possession. Mankind must learn a lesson from the past because weapons not only guarantees protection but can cause death in people around." One of the most well-known supporters of tightening control over weapons trade in the USA is New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg. After the tragedy in Connecticut he said that the situation is becoming unbearable, adding that all appeals for “effective measures” alone are insufficient. The President must submit a relevant law to the Congress helpful in settling this problem. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and the leaders of many countries, including Russia’s President Vladimir Putin, have offered their condolences in view of the bloody tragedy in Connecticut. Russians in Connecticut school sympathy outpour, Russians continue to offer

expressions of sympathy to the United States over the Connecticut school shootings, in which a mentally deranged young man, one Adam Lanza, killed his mother and 26 people, including 20 children, at a Newtown elementary school. People in Moscow have brought a heap of toys and flowers to the US Embassy. Numerous candles have also been lit. On Saturday morning, President Barack Obama received condolences from his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin. Reports from Newtown say the killer turned his gun on himself after winding up his shooting spree. Putin offers condolences on Connecticut tragedy to Obama, Russian President Vladimir Putin has offered heartfelt condolences to his US counterpart, Barack

Obama, on Friday’s tragedy at a Connecticut primary school. We are particularly grieved by the fact, the Russian leader writes in his telegram, that the victims are mostly children. The Russian President asked Barack Obama to convey words of compassion and sympathy to the next of kin of the killed children and said he empathized with the entire American nation. 28 people, including 20 children, aged 5 to 10, died in a shooting spree at a primary school at Newtown, Connecticut, on Friday. The attacker, a 20-year old Adam Lanza, armed with two handguns, also killed his own mother, who was a teacher. He was found dead in the school building shortly afterwards. He had most likely committed suicide. The motives of the crime have not yet been known. President Obama has declared a four-day period of national mourning over the tragedy. US president declares 4-day mourning for killed children in Connecticut The U.S. President has

announced a 4-day mourning across the country over victims of the shooting at an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. "The majority of those who died today were children, beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old," the president said at a White House press conference. "They had their entire lives ahead of them." "As a country, we have been through this too many times, we're going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this, regardless of the politics,” said Obama, as tears streamed from his eyes. 28 people, including 20 children, were killed when 20-year-old gunman Adam Lanza burst into an elementary school in Newtown. At least three people were wounded in the incident. Three weapons have been recovered from the slain gunman, identified by law enforcement as 20-year-old, Adam Lanza. Police say the suspect was the son of Nancy Lanza, a kindergarten teacher at Shady Hook. The suspect’s older brother, 24-year-old Ryan of Hoboken, N.J., is being questioned by the authorities. According to the Daily Mail the body of Adam Lanza's father was found at his home in Newton. The shooter had no accomplices. He was found dead inside the school building – possibly, after committing suicide. The Associated Press reports that Lanza's girlfriend and another friend are missing in New Jersey. Multiple media outlets are reporting that the school’s principal and psychologist are also among the deceased. Police are currently searching for the suspect's girlfriend and another person who have been reported missing. Both state and local police are still on the scene at Shady Hook and the superintendent has ordered all schools in the district, both public and private, to be placed on lockdown. Lt. J. Paul Vance of the state police department said that both on-duty and off-duty officers responded to the emergency. Shady Hook, around 12 miles from the town of Danbury, CT, normally has around 600 students in grades kindergarten through four. Mark Boughton, mayor of Danbury, tells CNN three victims have been sent to a hospital in his city in “very serious” condition, though he declined to comment on their age or identity. Live coverage: Connecticut school shooting, one of the worst massacres in US history Twenty schoolchildren were slaughtered by

People gather for a prayer vigil at St Rose Church following an elementary school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut.

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a heavily armed gunman who opened fire at a suburban elementary school in Connecticut on Friday, killing at least 27 people including himself in the one of the worst mass shootings in U.S. history. Newtown School Shooting Live: Watch live streaming video at livestream.com, The 20-year-old gunman, who law enforcement sources identified as Adam Lanza, fired what witnesses described as dozens of shots at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, which serves children from ages 5 to 10. Authorities found 18 children and seven adults, including the gunman, dead at the school, and two children were pronounced dead later after being taken to a hospital. Another adult was found dead at a related crime scene in Newtown, bringing the toll to 28, state police Lieutenant Paul Vance said. As reports of the shooting spread, panicked parents rushed to the school searching for their children as students covered in blood were being carried out of the building. President Barack Obama, wiping away tears and pausing to collect his emotions in an address to the nation, mourned the "beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old" who were killed. "Our hearts are broken today, for the parents, and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children and for the families of the adults who were lost," Obama said, his voice cracking. "Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children's innocence has been torn away from them too early and there are no words that will ease their pain," said Obama, who has two young daughters. "Evil visited this community today," Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy told reporters. The New York Times reported that the gunman walked into a classroom where his mother was a teacher, shot his mother and then 20 students, most in the same classroom, before shooting five other adults and killing himself. One other person was shot at the school and survived, the Times said. Other media reports said the gunman's mother was found dead at a house nearby. Adam Lanza's brother, Ryan Lanza, was "either in custody or being questioned," a law enforcement source said. The gunman was dead inside the school, Vance said. The Times reported he used a Sig Sauer and a Glock, both handguns, and said police also found at the scene a Bushmaster .223 M4 carbine, a rifle, that they believe belonged to him. The holiday season tragedy was the second shooting rampage in the United States this week and the latest in a series of mass killings this year, and was certain to revive a debate about U.S. gun laws.  Gunman who killed 27

in U.S. school shot his own parents, 27 people, including 18 children, were killed when a gunman burst into an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut. At least three people were wounded in the incident. According to police, the shooter was 20-year-old Adam Lanza. Among those killed was his mother, who worked at the school. Before leaving home Lanza shot his Father, as well. The shooter himself was gunned down by the police arriving on the scene. Reports say the attacker was armed with two handguns. All schools and daycare centers of the city are closed. 27 dead, including

children, in Connecticut shooting, A gunman bursting into an elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut, has killed 27, including 18 children, and wounded at least three people. One of the wounded people is a teacher. He is now in hospital with a leg wound. Arriving police officers shot dead the attacker. Reports say he was armed with two handguns and might have had an accomplice. All Newtown schools and daycare centers are shut. Gunman

killed in Connecticut shooting - official, The suspected gunman in Friday's shooting at a Connecticut elementary school is dead on the scene, a source with knowledge of the investigation told. The source also said police have recovered two weapons from the suspect, a Glock and a Sig Sauer. It's unclear if police killed the suspect, the source said. School shooting in Connecticut, 1 child reportedly dead, One child is reported dead after a

gunman opened fire at a Newtown, Connecticut elementary school Friday morning. The Hartford Courant confirmed just after 11 a.m. that one student has been killed following an incident that began earlier in the morning, citing reports from authorities on the scene. Moments earlier, authorities confirmed that a suspected gunman was also dead while at least three others were transported to a nearby hospital. Police are considering the possibility of second shooter and are now searching for a purple automobile that was seen heading out of the city. Shots were fired at around 9:40 a.m. this morning inside the main office at Sandy Hook Elementary School, where normally around 600 students in grades kindergarten through four attend class. The school has since been flanked by dozens of state troopers, who are assisting local officers dispatched to the scene. All public and private schools in Newtown, CT have been placed on lockdown following orders from the superintendent, and the police are on the scene now attempting to determine the extent of the incident. The Newton Bee is reporting multiple injuries, and a hospital in nearby Danbury, CT says they have received three patients from the school. Voice of Russia, TASS, RT, CNN, AFP, RIA, Reuters, dpa, Source: Voice of Russia

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Steve Jobs - the genius of inspiration

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Eugeny Hvostik, journalist of the Russian publishing house “Kommersant”: Many experts consider Steve Jobs a software engineering genius but other experts consider him to be just a marketing genius, a person who could inspire other people to create and promote consumer products. Steve Jobs was the genius who could inspire other people to create and promote consumer products and gather talented people around him. Just take Steve Wozniak who created the first Apple computers and Steve Jobs was able to promote and to distribute these computers, even though they were just students at the time. And if we look at the person who is behind the modern Apple design, English designer Jonathan Ive, Steve Jobs promoted him to a Senior Vice-President of Apple industrial design. So, many experts think that Steve Jobs' main success was to create a product not through engineering it but by inspiring people to create a unique philosophy and create a community of people who admire Apple products. Source: Voice of Russia, Image: photobucket.com

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Future of Libya

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Still no peace in Libya, more than two months after the death of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. Now factions of malicious are scattered around the country and are refusing to put down their arms resulting in violence on the streets of Libya. Experts fear it may slide into civil war if these factions don’t come together. Tags: Commentary, Politics, World, Libya, Читать далее, Source: Voice of Russia. 

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